ASEAN test: New 'boat people' from Burma
(Note: This article was written under the 2009 Southeast Asian Press Alliance Journalism Fellowship)
On the Thai-Burmese border--When the dogs start baying at night, fear begins to grip those living in a village in the west of Burma (Myanmar) where the Rohingya people live. More often than not, the howling of the dogs means soldiers are coming and one of the villagers will be taken away.
For the Rohingya, a Muslim minority in Burma's Rakhine State and a people without a country, a peaceful night's slumber is a distant dream.
"Even if you are not doing anything, anyone might report you. Every time you hear a dog barking, you don't know whether the Army is coming to arrest you," said Chris Lewa, head of the humanitarian
group Arakan Project, which is fighting for the rights of thousands of Rohingya refugees who have fled Burma and found new home in neighboring countries.
The fate of the Rohingya has become a test for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Will the 10-member bloc, which includes the Philippines, be true to its pledge to be "a caring and sharing community?"
Escape from Burma
That's one question Enayet Ullah, a 55-year-old refugee now living in the Thai town of Mae Sot, is asking.
Enayet escaped from Burma with his wife and their child in 1995 after an incident during the wedding of a friend which showed them that normal life was nearly impossible for the Rohingya in the military-ruled country.
Soldiers had barged into the wedding and grabbed the groom for his supposed political activities. Enayet tried to intervene, but ended up being a target of arrest himself. He hid and the soldiers beat
his wife.
"In our place, if any government officers take action against the Rohingya, it's no big thing," Enayet said in a recent interview.
It isn't hard to understand why thousands of Rohingya have been risking their lives to flee Burma aboard frail, overloaded wooden boats, Enayet said.
New 'boat people'
What is difficult for him to understand is why the world seems to ignore their plight.
Their escape from political persecution brings to mind the migration of more than two million Vietnamese in the 1970s after South Vietnam fell to communist hands.
In January, Thailand's military was accused of forcing boatloads of Rohingya back to the sea with little food and water on their engine-less boats. Some drifted to nearby countries.
The matter is now before the ASEAN.
Human rights body
In December last year, the Asean charter came into force embodying principles that call for the establishment of a human rights body.
Nongovernment groups have urged Asean to use its new mandate to act decisively to help persecuted peoples. Whether Asean, with its policy of noninterference in a member state's affairs, will act at the risk of antagonizing member Burma, remains to be seen.
The Rohingya Muslims are a minority in the largely Buddhist country. Their dusky skin and other physical features make them look different from the rest of the population. They speak a Bengali dialect.
A 1982 law stripped them of citizenship, making them stateless. They are shunned by most Burmese, who view them as outsiders. Burma's envoy in Hong Kong was quoted in news reports as describing them as "ugly as ogres."
No travel, no jobs
They need hard-to-get permission to travel outside their village, depriving them of the chance to study or seek treatment in better-equipped schools and hospitals, Lewa said.
They also need permission to marry and are restricted to no more than two children. They are shut out from government jobs. Their lands are taken from them and they are subjected to forced labor,
Lewa added.
She said the abuses had fueled the Rohingya exodus. Initially, they crossed the border to go to Bangladesh or went to the Middle East.
But recent travel restrictions have given them no other choice but to escape by sea on hazardous trips arranged by human smugglers. They usually flee to Malaysia but they have also turned up in
Indonesia and Thailand.
No room for them
Indonesia said it would deport them, but later allowed the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to verify their status as refugees.
Thailand has convicted 66 Rohingya of illegal entry, saying they were economic migrants only looking for jobs.
Deporting them poses problems. Burma denies they are its citizens and refuses to accept them. Later, it said it would take them back but only if they said they were Bengalis. Bangladesh says they are not its nationals.
"This is a test case for Asean ... whether or not they will uphold the purpose and principles they set forth in the Charter," said Sriprapha Petcharamesree, director of the Human Rights Studies at
Mahidol University in Thailand.
Thailand cited domestic concerns for denying them entry. A deputy prime minister was quoted as saying that accepting 200,000 to 300,000 Rohingya would be a huge burden for Thailand.
Back to the sea, again
Petcharamesree said no state should abandon humanitarian obligations based on its own internal affairs. She said the Asean human rights body should tackle the Rohingya case, or "it would definitely be discredited."
Debbie Stothard of the Alternative Asean network on Burma (Altsean) said the Asean policy of noninterference was a "red herring" invoked to escape state obligations.
However Asean moves, it will be October again soon, the waters will be calmer again, and Enayet's people will again be braving the seas.
The sad thing is they'd rather face the dangers from the waves than spend more sleepless nights hearing the dogs howling at the moon again, Enayet said.
"They will be thinking, 'If I stay, I die. If I jump into the sea, it's the same thing. But if I can swim to this place at any cost, tomorrow I can help my family who are suffering.'"
Comments
I think that to pressure
I think that to pressure Bangladesh government to accept more refugees from Burma with more financial assistance is the best possible way to prevent the problem from escalating further. More favorable treatment to the boat people could trigger an uncontrollable influx of refugees (or illegal immigrants) into the neighboring countries by giving them incentive to take the risk.
Somsak, i think i strongly
Somsak, i think i strongly disagree here, when u said "More favorable treatment to the boat people could trigger an uncontrollable influx of refugees (or illegal immigrants) into the neighboring countries by giving them incentive to take the risk.."
I think it is very unkind to refuse aid /assistance to anyone who is in need of help, esp when u are able to help (at least help them by giving them food, water , temporary shelter and treating them with compassion (seeing them as fellow human beings with equal right to share the earth)
Bangladesh is not that rich. Richer countries should help more. Thailand is not rich but it can help too.
Joy, I'm not saying that they
Joy, I'm not saying that they should be thown out back to the sea. ASEAN's ability is limited, so if they made a lof of precedents giving theim refugees status or made a too favorable statement according to the human right activist suggestions, it could escalate the problem. (I think Indochina refugees problem was escalated by the western propaganda about the newly born communist state, too)
Bangladeshes are neibhouring Rohingya living area , and most of them came from the country, so they have same language and ethnicity as Rohingya and it's Muslim country. I think it's better to pressure Bangladesh to sovle the problem than asking ASEAN for the Moon.
I smell the intention of the "human right activist's community" including UNHCR to spin their failure in Bagnladesh by charactarizing it as ASEAN's issue.
I mean most of Rohyigya
I mean most of Rohyigya people came from Bangladesh. I am really not sure how long they have lived in the Burma side of the boarder. My understanding is that there ware systematic efforts in the Bangladesh side to illegaly emigrant their people into Burma. And that makes this issue more complicated. Am I wrong? I'm wondering if more knowledgable posters have more imformation on this point.
Where did you read Rohingya
Where did you read Rohingya "came from Bangladesh"? They are ethnically close to Bengali people, but their origins are rather uncertain. So I guess Thai Indians and Malays should be repatriated too. And you and I as well.
About the same old "blame the West" theory, I would like to remind you that your fellow countrymen stopped with that kind of ranting ages ago, Somsak, so maybe you should move on too. Or did you come to Thailand because here it's still "hip" to blame all on the evil whiteman?
Somsak, someone just
Somsak, someone just whispered in my eyes that u sound almost like John Howard, former Australian PM>;-)
sorry, my ear, not eyes.
sorry, my ear, not eyes.
He sounds a bit harsh, yeah.
He sounds a bit harsh, yeah. But I've read many comments around Thai blogs and websites that remind me more of Jörg Haider or Umberto Bossi than J. Howard. Of all the populist, quasi-racist voices and opinions, I wish people could at least choose something more refined... say, Pim Fortuyn, for example.
I am not sure where their
I am not sure where their origin is. But this Rohingha case remind me of the Napalis refugees in Butan. One more thing is that many years ago, I talked with a friend of mine who covered the refugees at the Burma-Bangladesh boarder in the earily 1990s (or late 1980s I am not sure) and he said that Rohingha refugee's claim in a temporalry camp that they have been living in Burma side for long tims is at least dubious. So I've got an impression that the population pressure in Bangladesh side was pussing their people into the Burma, like Vietnamese-Cambodian boarder, or Nepal-Butan boarder. I don't stick to this claim, I rather want to know.
Won't it be much much easier
Won't it be much much easier just to ask the Rohingya where they want to live? Let them choose and grant them the right to live in a place of their choice as long as it isn't too unrealistic. and the question of origin? I think it's best to let the Rohingya tell their story/their history. Somsak, u don't know any friends who did some interviews of the Rohingya and take their words seriously? I mean, interviewing so that they can have their say/have their voice heard/listened to?
It's rather clear that
It's rather clear that massive migration of Rohinghyas into Burma took place after British started controling Burma. I am not sure it's "most" or not, after I read wikipedia's short article about Rohingya. If you can't believe it because that's what Burmese government claimed, I would say it's logical to presume that if two groups of people speaking a same language are living across a boarder, they share an ethnicity, (or all the Rohingya people living in Bagnladesh are refugees created by Ne Win?)
Bangladesh should take the burden as Thailand did for Cambodia. Their responsibility to do that is clearer because Bangladesh has the same ethnicity and religion as Rohingyas. If the government cannot endure the number of refugees, the right way to help them is to geer up the resettlement through the camps in Bangladesh to the third countres who have the luxuary to accept them, not to let them to go out to the sea risking their lives.
This is an interesting
This is an interesting article to read.
http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2007/03/26/rohingya-refugees-burma-mistreated-bangladesh
Anyway, Rohingyas in Thailand
Anyway, Rohingyas in Thailand are underdogs, but that doesn't mean all people are bad with them. If any of you have ever been to Co-Co Walk in Ratchathevi, you certainly have seen them selling nuts, and their baby-Rohingyas selling flowers and candies. They are nice and peaceful, and quite poor. People often buy stuff from them (and they shouldn't, because children are exploited, but I guess it's not easy to always say no, especially if you work in those venues everyday), and the staff in the several pubs and restaurants are often friendly with the children. There's a place I normally go to, a pub with live music. Children there are known by their names and they are treated like friends. The bands even gave them free t-shirts. It's a bit of a weird situation, and god knows who's behind the exploitation of those underage immigrants. But my feeling is that those children are doing ok. Not exactly "happy" maybe, but not unhappy either. It doesn't look like they're being abused and they are fed regularly. A couple of them are actually quite fat, too. I don't know what to say: it's obvious that the whole thing stinks, and something has to be done in order to address the issue, but my personal opinion is that people's behaviour does not match with the authorities'. The government, police, and the army have been really harsh with the Rohingya, but regular Thais seem to be much nicer.
Alex, yes, it's a beauty of
Alex, yes, it's a beauty of oridanay Thai poeple. They will not be treated like that in Japan, I guess. Do you see the news report that market venders went to a police station to help a brumese girl being extorted constatntly by police officers? I think that is another example. Thank you for having remided me of that. Cheers.
Thanks, guys - Good news
Thanks, guys - Good news stories most welcome, otherwise the depressive pessamists amongst us lose perspective (& hope:)
Since you've been asking each
Since you've been asking each other for info re. the origins of the Rohingya, you may like to read this very interesting article by Dr Habib Siddiqui: 'A Long History of Injustice Ignored: Rohingya: The Forgotten People of Our Time.'
http://www.islamawareness.net/Asia/Burma/ro_article003.html
According to him, they're not an ethnic, in the 'tribal' sense, group. They came into being, in Burma, due to a number of waves of immigration of Islamic people, including Arabs & "Mughals (e.g., with the flight of Mughal prince Shah Shuja in 1660), Turks, Persians, Central Asians, Pathans and Bengalis." They've been in Arakan since 7thC. They are related to a Bengali group, but did not originate with it.
I'm not familiar with the author, however his article appears to be credible, & it's well annotated. I did notice on my google search on his name that he's not popular with those who are proclaiming that Islam is an inherently violent religion, a view that I feel is ridiculous.
If Dr Siddiqui is right, & it
If Dr Siddiqui is right, & it appears he is, since they've been in Burma for much longer than the current 'Americans' have been in their home, I'd say the Burmese don't have much of a leg to stand on as far as their assertions of illegality go.
Hey, Joy: I think you've just
Hey, Joy: I think you've just invented a new English expression for the blogging era - "Someone just whispered in my eyes"! I like it.
Thanks guys for very
Thanks guys for very interesting discussion and informative info/links. i will surely check them out soon!
Michael, so what could the
Michael, so what could the expression mean in natives' "sprachgefuhl"?(what kind of word this is? English? I just picked it up from my electric dictionary when I was looking for an English word meaning kind of "language sense")
sprachgefuhl is definitely
sprachgefuhl is definitely German. I don't speak German, but it should mean something like "the feeling of a language", more or less.
In my Japangish
In my Japangish "sprachgefuhl". the expression can be a ehphemistc pharse for "kissing eyes". It could mean your lover kiss your eyes to make you blindly love you like a lyric of an old jazz number.
The phrase also makes me imagine a scene that a witch is wisphering a curse into princess's eyes to make her blind. So in political discourse, the phrase can be used to mean that political manipulators use their magic to make us blindaly believe something for their benefits.
How about Japangish "sprachgefuhl"? :)
Corrction : It could mean
Corrction : It could mean your lover kiss your eyes to make you blindly love HIM or HER like a lyric of an old jazz number. Sorry as usual.
This is also an interesting
This is also an interesting stuff. But who wrote this?
http://facthai.wordpress.com/2009/02/17/who-are-the-rohingya/
Maybe this is closest to the
Maybe this is closest to the truth about the origin of Rohingya
The origins of the Rohingya’s place in Burma is in dispute – some say that Rohingya have always lived in Northern Arakan State and converted to Islam in the 12th century; others say that Rohingya began migrating to Burma during the British Colonial era. The reality is probably a mix of the two – Muslim traders who settled on the coast over the centuries who, along with larger influx of Muslims from the Chittagong area of Bangladesh in later centuries, developing a unique language, cultural practices and a sense of common identity......
http://merhrom.wordpress.com/2008/03/14/rohingya-and-muslims-in-arakan-state-slow-burning-genocide/
Maybe this is the incident
Maybe this is the incident which drove Ne Win to start his ethnic cleansing operation later?
"But the majority of the Muslims today are descendants of Chittagonian Bengalis who were the key labour force imported by the British to exploit Arakan’s fertile soils (mainly since the middle of the 19th century). They were extremely numerous and fully absorbed the pre-colonial Muslim community."
"Some political leaders of the Muslims of Bengali origin in Arakan made a fatal political error when they wanted northern Arakan to become a part of Jinnah’s Pakistan at the moment of Indian Independence and partition. "
"This did not look as if they considered themselves as an ethnic group of Burma in 1948. "
I don't understand why pro
I don't understand why pro Rohinghya schalors try to underestimate this "immigration" factor in British colonial era. Even if it's a fact that a lot of Rohinghyas are descendants of the immigrants from Bangladesh in the era, they can still claim their right to live as citizens.
My impression is that they should claim more strongly that Burmese citizenship law is wrong because it stripped citizenship of the pepople living in the area for generations (even they started living the area after British colonial rule started), in stead of downplaying the histrical fact that massive migration took place during the time.
I think this article written
I think this article written by Martin Smith (the author of "Burma Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity") is the most neutral narative that I read on the Rohyngia's political and ehtnic background.
http://www.rohingya.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=75&Itemid=33
Cheers
Thanks for the link(s)!
Thanks for the link(s)!
The Martin Smith article is
The Martin Smith article is very good. Thanks Somsak.
Quote somsak :Corrction : It
Quote somsak :Corrction : It could mean your lover kiss your eyes to make you blindly love HIM or HER like a lyric of an old jazz number. Sorry as usual.
umm.. Interesting
Joy, it's "all or nothing at
Joy, it's "all or nothing at all" Actually, kissing lover's eyes make him/her dizy something like that. So the actionj which makes her/him dizzy is the other way around.
what do u mean somsak?????(so
what do u mean somsak?????(so sorry for off -topic comment!! but well..i 'm curious)
Joy, I am talking about the
Joy, I am talking about the Jazz song that I recall when I saw the expresson " whisper in eyes".The name of the song is "All or nothing at all"
Sorry for writing off-topics thing too much.
Thanks somsak. "All or
Thanks somsak. "All or nothing at all"? Sounds like a beautiful song but then real life is not like that. In fact, if we take asylum seekers or refugess as example, there is always the need for compromise.. you cannot just take all refugees or no one at all..there should be something in between.. when it's neither too many nor none at all.
Like the Lord Buddha said, the medium way is the best. and the Thais who choose to either support Red or Yellow. In fact they are better off standing in between ..not all Thaksin or none at all or not all ...or none at all.
In terms of emotion, this is also applicable. I don't think it's wise to give all of u to anyone because people are not perfect and so are u. There must always some sort of holding back , you cannot allow yrslef to be completely lost in emotion or attachment to a single person bec one person does not have all the things that u want and it's not fair anyway to demand a single person to give you everything you want(emotionally esp, and politically as well maybe (so as not sound too off-topic hehehe:-))
Joy, yeah, actually the song
Joy, yeah, actually the song is about an ambivalent feeling that you just wrote. I usually listen to the one sung by Diana Krail.
Ta-ta for now ;)
Somsak, but now i reread the
Somsak, but now i reread the lyrics of the song again and I feel it' s a nice song too. My earlier comment is in fact somewhat dishonest bec I in fact cannot act like what i wrote myself--being half -half like that if u know what i mean hehehe:-)
BY the way, maybe this is one main reason some people have to choose between Red and Yellow or at least have their own preference
Somsak: I prefer the Billie
Somsak: I prefer the Billie Holiday version:)